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Section 18.5 Convergence

The notation
\begin{equation*} E^r_{p,q} \;\Longrightarrow\; A_* \end{equation*}
typically expresses something vague like “the spectral sequence computes \(A_*\)”. But it is not always clear that it does! In practice, solving the convergence problem amounts to relating \(A_*\) (the abutment) to the limit page \(E^\infty_{*,*}\text{.}\) The strongest form of this relationship is strong convergence.

Definition 18.7.

The data of strong convergence of a spectral sequence (in the homological Serre grading) to \(A_*\) consists of:
  • a graded abelian group \(A_n\) for each \(n \in \mathbb{Z}\text{;}\)
  • an increasing filtration
    \begin{equation*} \dots \;\subseteq\; F_{s-1} A_n \;\subseteq\; F_s A_n \;\subseteq\; F_{s+1} A_n \;\subseteq\; \dots \;\subseteq\; A_n \end{equation*}
    on each \(A_n\) which is
    • exhaustive: \(\textstyle\bigcup_s F_s A_n = A_n\text{;}\)
    • Hausdorff: \(\textstyle\bigcap_s F_s A_n = 0\text{;}\)
    • complete: \(\textstyle\lim^1_s F_s A_n = 0\text{,}\) where \(\lim^1\) is the first derived functor of the sequential limit;
  • natural isomorphisms
    \begin{equation*} E^\infty_{p,q} \;\cong\; F_p A_{p+q} \,/\, F_{p-1} A_{p+q}. \end{equation*}

Remark 18.8.

If the filtration is finite for each \(n\) (i.e. \(F_s A_n = 0\) for \(s\) small enough and \(F_s A_n = A_n\) for \(s\) large enough), then exhaustiveness, Hausdorffness, and completeness are automatic.
The isomorphisms \(E^\infty_{p,q} \cong F_p A_{p+q} / F_{p-1} A_{p+q}\) are the best we can do to recover \(A_{p+q}\) from the spectral sequence: one obtains \(A_{p+q}\) only up to the extension problem of reassembling its filtration quotients. The cohomological grading uses the dual convention of a decreasing filtration \(\dots \supseteq F^{s+1} A^n \supseteq F^s A^n \supseteq \dots\) with \(E_\infty^{p,q} \cong F^p A^{p+q} / F^{p+1} A^{p+q}\text{.}\)